INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM – DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES, APPLICATION OF TERMINOLOGY

Question 1 The term dermatitis refers to:

Degeneration of skin

Inflammation of the skin

Fungal infection of skin

Loss of pigmentation

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Dermatitis is a general medical term meaning inflammation of the skin, regardless of cause.

Question 2 Acne vulgaris mainly involves which skin structures?

Sweat glands

Blood vessels

Hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Lymphatic vessels

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Acne vulgaris results from obstruction and inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Question 3 A superficial bacterial skin infection common in children is:

Cellulitis

Impetigo

Psoriasis

Urticaria

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Impetigo is a contagious superficial bacterial infection, usually caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus.

Question 4 Which term describes abnormally dry skin?

Explanation:
Xerosis refers to pathological dryness of the skin.

Hyperhidrosis

Xerosis

Cyanosis

Urticaria

Question 5 Urticaria is commonly known as:

Eczema

Hives

Warts

Boils

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Urticaria presents as transient, itchy wheals commonly called hives.

Question 6 A macule is best defined as:

A raised solid lesion

A pus-filled lesion

A flat lesion with color change

A fluid-filled blister

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
A macule is flat and non-palpable, with only a change in skin color

Question 7 Which lesion contains purulent material?

Vesicle

Papule

Pustule

Macule

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
A pustule is a pus-filled lesion, commonly seen in infections or acne.

Question 8 Tinea pedis refers to:

Fungal infection of the scalp

Fungal infection of the groin

Fungal infection of the feet

Fungal infection of the nails

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Tinea pedis is athlete’s foot, a dermatophyte infection of the feet.

Question 9 Vitiligo is characterized by:

Excess melanin production

Loss of melanocytes

Thickened epidermis

Increased sebum secretion

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Vitiligo results from destruction or loss of melanocytes, leading to depigmented patches.

Question 10 Which virus causes common warts?

Herpes simplex virus

Varicella-zoster virus

Human papillomavirus

Epstein–Barr virus

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes verrucae (warts).

Question 11 Psoriasis is best classified as:

A bacterial infection

A fungal disease

A chronic immune-mediated disorder

A viral exanthem

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by immune dysregulation.

Question 12 Which lesion is solid, raised, and less than 1 cm?

Nodule

Papule

Vesicle

Ulcer

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Papules are small, solid, raised lesions

Question 13 Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is commonly associated with:

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

Allergic and genetic factors

Chronic bacterial infection

UV radiation damage

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Atopic dermatitis is linked to genetic predisposition and hypersensitivity reactions

Question 14 Rosacea most frequently affects the:

Scalp

Trunk

Central face

Lower limbs

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Rosacea predominantly affects the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead.

Question 15 A furuncle is:

A superficial fungal infection

A deep bacterial infection of a hair follicle

A viral vesicular lesion

A premalignant lesion

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
A furuncle (boil) is a deep infection of a hair follicle, usually bacterial.

Question 16 Which condition presents with “silvery scales” on erythematous plaques?

Seborrheic dermatitis

Psoriasis

Lichen planus

Tinea corporis

Question 17 Lichenification refers to:

Skin discoloration

Thickened skin due to chronic scratching

Loss of epidermis

Acute blister formation

Question 18 Which organism is commonly associated with seborrheic dermatitis?

Candida albicans

Malassezia species

Streptococcus pyogenes

HPV

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Seborrheic dermatitis is linked to overgrowth of Malassezia yeast.

Question 19 Onychomycosis refers to:

Nail inflammation

Nail trauma

Fungal infection of the nail

Autoimmune nail disease

Question 20 A vesicle is defined as:

A solid raised lesion

A flat pigmented lesion

A small fluid-filled blister

A deep inflammatory nodule

Question 21 Cellulitis primarily involves:

Epidermis only

Dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Hair follicles only

Sweat glands

Question 22 Herpes simplex infection typically presents as:

Pustules with honey-colored crust

Grouped vesicles on an erythematous base

Thick plaques with scale

Depigmented macules

Question 23 Which term describes excessive sweating?

Anhidrosis

Xerosis

Hyperhidrosis

Cyanosis

Question 24 An ulcer is best described as:

Loss of epidermis only

A fluid-filled cavity

Full-thickness tissue loss with necrosis

A flat discoloration

Question 25 The “butterfly rash” is characteristic of:

Rosacea

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Acne vulgaris

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 26 A benign melanocytic lesion is called:

Melanoma

Nevus

Sarcoma

Carcinoma

Question 27 Contact dermatitis most commonly results from:

Viral infection

Allergens or chemical irritants

Fungal invasion

UV radiation

Question 28 Tinea corporis affects the:

Nails

Scalp

Trunk and limbs

Groin

Question 29 Hyperkeratosis refers to:

Increased melanin production

Thickening of the stratum corneum

Loss of epidermis

Increased sweat secretion

Question 30 Basal cell carcinoma is best described as:

Highly metastatic

Originating from melanocytes

Locally invasive with rare metastasis

Rapid systemic spread

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Basal cell carcinoma grows slowly, invades locally, and rarely metastasizes.

Question 31 The ABCDE rule is used to evaluate:

Psoriasis severity

Pigmented lesions suspicious for melanoma

Bacterial skin infections

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
ABCDE helps identify malignant features of melanoma

Question 32 Actinic keratosis is considered:

A benign lesion

A precancerous condition

A viral infection

An autoimmune disease

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Actinic keratosis is a premalignant lesion caused by chronic UV exposure

Question 33 Squamous cell carcinoma most often develops from:

Sebaceous glands

Chronic sun-damaged skin

Hair follicles

Sweat glands

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Chronic UV exposure and actinic keratosis predispose to SCC

Question 34 Acanthosis nigricans is strongly associated with:

Vitamin deficiency

Insulin resistance

Fungal infection

Viral replication

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Acanthosis nigricans is commonly linked to diabetes and endocrine disorders.

Question 35 Pressure ulcers develop primarily due to:

Bacterial infection

Autoimmune inflammation

Prolonged ischemia

Excessive moisture

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Sustained pressure reduces blood flow, leading to tissue necrosis

Question 36 Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by:

Subepidermal blisters

Autoimmune intraepidermal blistering

Fungal plaques

Viral vesicles

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Pemphigus vulgaris causes fragile intraepidermal blisters due to autoantibodies.

Question 37 Bullous pemphigoid differs from pemphigus vulgaris because it:

Affects only children

Causes tense subepidermal blisters

Is caused by bacteria

Is limited to the epidermis

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Bullous pemphigoid involves subepidermal separation, producing tense blisters.

Question 38 Why is melanoma considered the most dangerous skin cancer?

It grows slowly

It rarely spreads

It metastasizes early and aggressively

It affects only elderly patients

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Melanoma has a high metastatic potential even at early stages.

Question 39 Erythema nodosum is best described as:

Superficial vesicles

Painful inflammatory nodules in subcutaneous fat

Scaly plaques

Viral papules

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Erythema nodosum is a panniculitis, often associated with systemic disease

Question 40 Which statement best explains vitiligo pathophysiology?

Reduced melanin synthesis only

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

Keratin overproduction

Increased sebaceous activity

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation:
Vitiligo results from immune-mediated loss of melanocytes.

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